MODUL 05 (SPESIALIS IOT): ESP8266 VS ESP32 DEEP DIVE

📌 META MODUL & PRASYARAT

Bidang Spesialisasi: Hardware Comparison & Selection Strategy.
Target Pembaca: Pembelajar yang sudah memahami Pemrograman C++ (Modul 04).
Learning Outcome:
Memahami perbedaan arsitektur ESP8266 (NodeMCU v2/v3 / Wemos D1 Mini) vs ESP32.
Mampu memilih papan IoT yang tepat sesuai anggaran dan kebutuhan fitur proyek.
Memahami keterbatasan ESP8266 (Single Core, ADC 10-bit tunggal, tanpa BLE).
Mampu melakukan porting kode C++ dari ESP8266 ke ESP32 secara mulus.
Estimasi Waktu Belajar: 90 Menit.
Tingkat Kesulitan: 🟢 Pemula (Level 5 / 40).
Prasyarat: Modul 04 (Pemrograman C++ untuk IoT).

📋 TABEL PERBANDINGAN ULTRA LENGKAP: ESP8266 VS ESP32

Fitur / Spesifikasi	ESP8266 (NodeMCU / Wemos D1)	ESP32 (DevKit V1 / WROOM)
Processor Core	1 Core (Single-core Tensilica L106)	2 Cores (Dual-core Tensilica LX6)
Kecepatan Clock	80 MHz (Overclock 160 MHz)	240 MHz (Jauh Lebih Cepat)
SRAM Memori	~80 KB (Sangat Terbatas)	520 KB (6.5x Lebih Besar)
Konektivitas Wireless	WiFi 2.4 GHz saja	WiFi 2.4 GHz + Bluetooth 4.2 BLE
Pin GPIO Bebas	~9 Pin GPIO	~28-36 Pin GPIO
ADC (Analog)	1x ADC 10-bit (0 - 1.0V / 1023)	18x ADC 12-bit (0 - 3.3V / 4095)
Fitur Sentuh (Touch)	Tidak Ada	10x Capacitive Touch Pins
Hardware Crypto (AES)	Tidak Ada (Slow SSL/TLS)	Ada (Hardware Acceleration Fast SSL)
Harga Pasaran (Est.)	Rp 25.000 - Rp 35.000	Rp 50.000 - Rp 70.000

🎨 DIAGRAM PINOUT ESP8266 NODEMCU & WEMOS D1 MINI

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PINOUT NODEMCU V2/V3 ESP8266 (30 PINS)

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     [ MICRO-USB PORT ]
  (A0 / ADC0) [ ] [ ] (RSV / Reserved)
  (RSV      ) [ ] [ ] (RSV / Reserved)
  (RSV      ) [ ] [ ] (SD3 / GPIO 10) ──► Flash Memory (DILARANG!)
  (SD3      ) [ ] [ ] (SD2 / GPIO 9 ) ──► Flash Memory (DILARANG!)
  (SD2      ) [ ] [ ] (SD1 / GPIO 8 ) ──► Flash Memory (DILARANG!)
  (SD1      ) [ ] [ ] (CMD / GPIO 11) ──► Flash Memory (DILARANG!)
  (CMD      ) [ ] [ ] (SD0 / GPIO 7 ) ──► Flash Memory (DILARANG!)
  (SD0      ) [ ] [ ] (CLK / GPIO 6 ) ──► Flash Memory (DILARANG!)
  (CLK      ) [ ] [ ] (GND)
  (GND      ) [ ] [ ] (3.3V)
  (3.3V     ) [ ] [ ] (EN / CH_PD)   ──► Pull High 3.3V untuk Nyala
  (EN       ) [ ] [ ] (RST / Reset)  ──► Tombol Reset Manual
  (RST      ) [ ] [ ] (GND)
  (GND      ) [ ] [ ] (VIN / 5V In)  ──► Catu Daya Masuk 5V USB
  (VIN      ) [ ] [ ] (D8  / GPIO 15) ──► Pull Down LOW saat Boot
  (D0 / GP16) [ ] [ ] (D7  / GPIO 13) ──► SPI MOSI
  (D1 / GP5 ) [ ] [ ] (D6  / GPIO 12) ──► SPI MISO
  (D2 / GP4 ) [ ] [ ] (D5  / GPIO 14) ──► SPI SCLK
  (D3 / GP0 ) [ ] [ ] (D4  / GPIO 2 ) ──► LED Onboard / Boot Mode
  (D4 / GP2 ) [ ] [ ] (D3  / GPIO 0 ) ──► Flash Mode Button / Boot
  (3.3V     ) [ ] [ ] (D2  / GPIO 4 ) ──► I2C SDA (Layar OLED/LCD)
  (GND      ) [ ] [ ] (D1  / GPIO 5 ) ──► I2C SCL (Layar OLED/LCD)

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PINOUT WEMOS D1 MINI ESP8266 (16 PINS ULTRA SMALL)

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     [ MICRO-USB PORT ]
  (TX / GPIO 1 ) [ ] [ ] (RX / GPIO 3 )
  (RST / RESET ) [ ] [ ] (D8 / GPIO 15) ──► Pull Down LOW
  (A0 / ADC 0  ) [ ] [ ] (D7 / GPIO 13) ──► SPI MOSI
  (D0 / GPIO 16) [ ] [ ] (D6 / GPIO 12) ──► SPI MISO
  (D1 / GPIO 5 ) [ ] [ ] (D5 / GPIO 14) ──► SPI SCLK
  (D2 / GPIO 4 ) [ ] [ ] (D3 / GPIO 0 ) ──► Flash Button
  (D3 / GPIO 0 ) [ ] [ ] (D2 / GPIO 4 ) ──► I2C SDA
  (D4 / GPIO 2 ) [ ] [ ] (D1 / GPIO 5 ) ──► I2C SCL
  (GND         ) [ ] [ ] (3.3V        ) 
  (5V          ) [ ] [ ] (GND         )

📋 PETA KONVERSI LABEL PIN SABLON VS NOMOR GPIO C++

⚠️ Sangat Penting: Kodingan digitalWrite(D1, HIGH); di Arduino IDE membutuhkan library ESP8266. Jika koding tanpa alias, D1 = GPIO 5, D2 = GPIO 4, D3 = GPIO 0, D4 = GPIO 2, D5 = GPIO 14, D6 = GPIO 12, D7 = GPIO 13, D8 = GPIO 15!

🧠 STRATEGI PEMILIHAN BOARD UNTUK PROYEK NYATA

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                   KAPAN HARUS MEMILIH ESP8266 VS ESP32?
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Gunakan ESP8266 (Wemos D1 / NodeMCU) JIKA:
✓ Proyek sederhana (Misal: Sakelar Lampu WiFi 1-Relay / Sonoff).
✓ Hanya butuh 1 buah sensor (Misal: Sensor Suhu DHT11).
✓ Anggaran dana proyek sangat minim (Budget Sekolah/Lomba).
✓ Ukuran fisik harus sangat kecil (Wemos D1 Mini).

Gunakan ESP32 JIKA:
✓ Proyek butuh banyak sensor & aktuator sekaligus (Smart Home / Smart Farming).
✓ Membutuhkan koneksi Bluetooth BLE untuk aplikasi HP offline.
✓ Menggunakan enkripsi SSL/TLS HTTPS / MQTT Secure yang berat.
✓ Membutuhkan pengolahan data kamera (ESP32-CAM) atau AI Speech recognition.

⚡ CHEAT SHEET PORTING KODE ESP8266 TO ESP32

// 1. Library WiFi Header:
#ifdef ESP8266
  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
  #include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#else
  #include <WiFi.h>
  #include <HTTPClient.h>
#endif

// 2. Pembacaan Analog ADC:
// ESP8266: analogRead(A0) -> Nilai 0 - 1023
// ESP32  : analogRead(34) -> Nilai 0 - 4095

Latihan & Quiz Evaluasi Modul

Progres Quiz: 0 / 2 Soal

SOAL #1

Berapakah jumlah core processor pada chip ESP8266?

SOAL #2

Manakah teknologi nirkabel yang didukung oleh ESP32 tetapi **TIDAK ADAPUN** pada ESP8266?

Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan

Kunci Jawaban: 1. a. 1 Core, 2. b. Bluetooth (BLE).

Apakah Anda siap lanjut ke Modul 06: Pengkabelan & Interface Aktuator (Relay, Motor, Display)?

ESP8266 vs ESP32 Deep Dive & Board Comparison